Agricutlral machinery Greece essays

Agricutlral machinery Greece essays The agriculture of Hellensitic Italy was transformed not only by the introduction of a large number of technical innovations, but also by a profound structural change. The last 2 centuries BC witnessed decisive steps towards the establishment of large scale estates, latifundia, which were to play an important role in the course of the empire. Even though the cultivation units remained relatively small for a long period, there was gradual transition to more extensive farming, largely based on slave labour. Fortunately, we are able to gain a detailed insight into the agricultural life of the time. About 160BC, a Roman statesman, Cato the Censor (234BC-149BC) wrote a book called De agricultura ("About Agriculture"). It is not a well arranged manual, but rather a collection of unconnected notes comprising, apart from general instructions and a mention of religious customs, a description of two of Cato's own estates near the border of Latium and Campania. One farm - with an extent of 240 iugera (about 60ha. or 150 acres), managed by 13 people (mainly slaves) - specialised in the cultivation of olives. The other specialised in viticulture, occupied 100 iugera (about 25ha. or 60 acres) and was managed by 16 people. Even though the descriptions refer to these two particular farms, they are doubtless fairly representative of normal cultivation units in Late Republican Italy. Besides workers and animals, all kinds of tools and equipment are listed, including the precise number of spades, axes, tongs, working tables and so on used at each farm. As well as this, specialised agricultural equipment, Cato describes a series of machines, showing that - in spite of his well-known aversion to everything foreign - he was perfectly aware of the recent The olives were crushed in 5 edge-runner mills (trapeta1) of various sizes (a recent invention), and the pulp was then transferred to five presses of the most recent models, ...

How to Brainstorm for NaNoWriMo Shaelins Top Tips

How to Brainstorm for NaNoWriMo Shaelins Top Tips How to Brainstorm for NaNoWriMo: Shaelin's Top Tips Shaelin Bishop is a writer, YouTuber, and a member of the team here at Reedsy. She’s also a veteran of the 30-day novel writing competition NaNoWriMo, having taken part in it for three years. In this lightly edited transcript of her video, she'll show you how to brainstorm for NaNoWriMo. Check out these #NaNoWriMo brainstorming tips from @shaelinbishop As a writer, there will be so many times when you might need to brainstorm. But specifically with NaNoWriMo approaching, there might be a few final things that you still have to work out in your book - things that might require some heavy-duty brainstorming sessions.We already have a video on how to get short story ideas. If you're trying to build an idea from scratch, you can check that out. Today is about brainstorming practices you can use to help you work through issues you're having, or develop the beginning of an idea.Tip 1: Treat brainstorming just like a writing sessionJust as you might block off time to write, cordon off your schedule to brainstorm and treat it as you would a drafting session. It's easy to rely on ideas that come in your head naturally as you're going about your day. That is how a lot of brainstorming happens, but it usually won't fulfill all your brainstorming need. Sometimes you'll hit a snag with your story and find that it's just not working naturally. You're going to have to sit through and work through it, so block off some time (even a few hours) to solve this problem.Just as you might have a daily word goal to reach when you sit down to draft your book, set goals for your brainstorming sessions. What problem do you want to solve when you're sitting down to brainstorm? Tip 2: Review and organize what you already haveA lot of the time, I find that just reading through all my notes will start to jog my mind and help me think of solutions without actively doing any brainstorming. So much fleshing-out of ideas happens for when I'm just reading through my notes. I realize something else I need to add - and then I see that there's something else I need to add. Suddenly, I've added so much more just by reading through my notes.If you have any questions, thoughts, or tips on brainstorming for a novel, please share them in the comments below.